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Tituba (Salem witch trials)
Tituba was a 17th-century African/West Indian slave woman who was owned by Samuel Parris of Danvers, Massachusetts. Tituba was the first to be accused of practicing witchcraft during the Salem witch trials which took place in 1692
==Accusation==
Tituba was the first person to be accused by Elizabeth Parris and Abigail Williams of witchcraft. She was also the first to confess to witchcraft in Salem Village. At first she denied that she had anything to do with witchcraft, but Samuel Parris beat her until she confessed to helping Mary Sibley (or Sibly) make a witchcake. When questioned later, she added that she knew about occult techniques from her mistress in Barbados, who taught her how to ward herself from evil powers and how to reveal the cause of witchcraft. Since such knowledge was not meant for harm, Tituba again asserted to Parris she was not a witch, but admitted she had participated in an occult ritual when she made the witchcake in an attempt to help Elizabeth Parris.〔Breslaw, Elaine G. ''Tituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem: Devilish Indians and Puritan Fantasies''. New York: New York University Press, 1996, pp. 107, 170, et al.〕
Other women and men from surrounding villages were accused of witchcraft and arrested at the Salem witchcraft trials. Not only did Tituba accuse others in her confession, but she talked about black dogs, hogs, a yellow bird, red and black rats, cats, a fox and a wolf. Tituba talked about riding sticks to different places. She confessed that Sarah Osborne possessed a creature with the head of a woman, two legs, and wings. By mixing the different views on witchcraft, she unintentionally set Salem Village into chaos by hinting that Satan was among them.[race of Tituba has been disputed for 150 years. Undoubtedly, the racial politics of the mid-19th century are responsible for this debate.〔 Despite this, all the documents from the Salem Witch Trials that mention Tituba characterize her as a Native American woman. The ethnicity of Tituba has been surrounded by controversy from the first historical analysis of her. It was initially assumed that she was of Indian descent.〔 But over time the origins of Tituba have begun to be re-evaluated and old theories have been contested.]
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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